7. Coordinate Geometry

Coordinate geometry is a branch of mathematics that connects algebra with geometry using a coordinate system. In this system, the position of a point is represented by an ordered pair (x, y) on a plane formed by two perpendicular lines called the x-axis and y-axis. This system is known as the Cartesian coordinate plane.

 

 

In this chapter, students learn how to find the distance between two points, the coordinates of the midpoint, and how a point can divide a line segment in a given ratio using the section formula. These concepts help in solving many geometric problems using algebraic methods and are widely used in maps, navigation, engineering, and computer graphics.