6. Structure of Atom

Everything in the universe is made up of tiny particles called atoms. An atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, while electrons move around the nucleus in different energy levels or shells. Protons carry a positive charge, electrons carry a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge. These sub-atomic particles determine the mass, charge, and behavior of an atom.

This lesson also explains the Bohr model of the atom, which describes how electrons are arranged in shells such as K, L, M, and N. Students learn important concepts like atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and electronic configuration. Understanding the structure of the atom helps explain how elements combine, how chemical reactions occur, and why different elements have different properties.